In addition, a standard measurement protocol needs to be developed in order to evaluate the performance of perovskite PV devices as accurately and unambiguously as possible. Although the device's lifetime has increased from a few minutes to thousands of hours, this performance is still insufficient for commercial energy applications.
This presents a challenge to accurately evaluate the device stability (e.g., T80). Therefore, modified T80 (named TS80), calculated from the initial PCE value at the end of the burn-in area (tS) is recommended to use in determining the stability of perovskite modules as listed in the original ISOS standard protocols.
The review covers perovskite properties, fabrication techniques, and recent advancements in this field. The review addresses challenges including stability, the environmental impact, and issues related to perovskite degradation. The review proposes solutions for boosting efficiency and integrating energy storage to advance PSC manufacturing.
Hole mobility of HTL, tolerance factor, band gap of perovskite are crucial features influencing performance of the cell. High concentration of FA, low concentration of Br, and grain size play vital role in improving performance of the cell.
Degradation and hysteresis (known as short-term metastability) are recognized as two critical issues influencing the stability and accuracy of perovskite PV measurements.
If the perovskite layer quality is well reserved, a >24% mini-module efficiency is projected by only considering the losses from lateral resistivity and laser scribing area. Next, performance characteristics are explored including hysteresis and meta-stable power outputs that must be overcome to correctly characterize perovskite modules.