Thermal energy can generally be stored in two ways: sensible heat storage and latent heat storage. It is also possible to store thermal energy in a combination of sensible and latent, which is called hybrid thermal energy storage. Figure 2.8 shows the branch of thermal energy storage methods.
Thermal management systems for SCs are adopted to keep the temperature in the appropriate range using technical methods [ 147, 148 ]. Based on the available exterior energy to be consumed, thermal management systems are categorized into active cooling systems and passive cooling systems.
Efficient thermal management systems (TMSs) are essential for controlling the temperature of energy storage systems, particularly BESS, within VPPs. These systems ensure the optimal performance and long-term health of BESS by effectively managing heat dissipation and mitigating temperature fluctuations.
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems provide both environmental and economical benefits by reducing the need for burning fuels. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems have one simple purpose. That is preventing the loss of thermal energy by storing excess heat until it is consumed. Almost in every human activity, heat is produced.
Thermal energy storage methods can be applied to many sectors and applications. It is possible to use thermal energy storage methods for heating and cooling purposes in buildings and industrial applications and power generation. When the final use of heat storage systems is heating or cooling, their integration will be more effective.
Energy is stored in sensible thermal energy storage systems by altering the temperature of a storage medium, such as water, air, oil, rock beds, bricks, concrete, sand, or soil. Storage media can be made of one or more materials. It depends on the final and initial temperature difference, mass and specific heat of the storage medium.