Energy storage devices like supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and other metal ion batteries have been chosen to showcase viable current collectors in each respective system.
It is possible by using lightweight and flexible current collectors as, during fabrication current collector weighs majority of the device weight. Along with various physical properties, the main function of current collector is to reduce the charge transfer resistance between the electrode material and current collector.
Metal foam and metal foil type current collector are used in general, in which metal foam provides the highest performance. For flexible supercapacitor , carbon fiber is generally used as the current collector . Supercapacitor is one of the efficient energy storage systems, which has the capability of delivering high power and energy density .
Table 2. Examples of current energy storage systems in operation or under development. Consists of two large reservoirs with 385 m difference in height, a power house and the tunnels that connect them. At high demand, water is passed through the tunnel at a rate of up to 852 m 3 /s to drive six generators .
Energy storage is an enabling technology for various applications such as power peak shaving, renewable energy utilization, enhanced building energy systems, and advanced transportation. Energy storage systems can be categorized according to application.
The current collectors play a direct role in the heat transfer from internal batteries to the external environment. Current collectors with efficient heat dissipation ensure the elimination of locally accumulated heat and effectively reduce the elevated temperature to mitigate thermal runaways of batteries.