The entire battery pack is divided into several modules to improve the equalization speed . This equalizer introduces intra- and inter-module equalization. In intra-module equalization, all the cells in a module are equalized as in a conventional equalizer. This equalizer allows module-to-module equalization.
Recent research trend of equalizers for battery cells equalization are explained. Four distinctive battery cells voltage equalizer circuits are simulated utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and compared. Recently, the use of electric batteries has reached great heights due to the invention of electric vehicles (EVs).
The extension of conventional SC cell equalizer developed by the modularization of the battery cells is known as the modularized SC cell equalizer. The circuit diagram of a typical modularized SC cell equalizer is shown in Fig. 24. The entire battery pack is divided into several modules to improve the equalization speed .
In active equalizers, the excess energy is transferred from high-to low-voltage cells in a battery pack. Various components, including inductor and capacitor, are used to transfer the excess energy. The resonant tank, transformer, and converter are used as energy transfer components.
Transferring the energy from the first cell to the last cell takes a long time especially for long battery string, and has high current stress. Fast equalization speed, can use pack-to-cell and cell-to-pack topologies, and low magnetic loss due to the use of single winding.
The cell equalizer is designed mathematically initially. Next, the proposed equalizer is simulated in a software/tool for verification of the proposed equalization model. Finally, a prototype of the proposed equalizer is developed for experimental validation.