This paper presents a review of the state of technology of sodium-sulfur batteries suitable for application in energy storage requirements such as load leveling; emergency power supplies and uninterruptible power supply. The review focuses on the progress, prospects and challenges of sodium-sulfur batteries operating at high temperature (~ 300 °C).
Sulfur in high temperature Na-S batteries usually exhibits one discharge plateau with an incomplete reduction product of Na 2 S n (n ≥ 3), which reduces the specific capacity of sulfur (≤ 558 mAh g −1) and the specific energy of battery.
BASF Stationary Energy Storage, a subsidiary of chemical company BASF, and Japanese ceramics manufacturer NGK Insulators have launched a new version of their sodium-sulfur (NAS) batteries. The containerized NAS Model L24 battery jointly developed by the partners, whose cooperation started in 2019, boasts a few technological improvements.
The review focuses on the progress, prospects and challenges of sodium-sulfur batteries operating at high temperature (~ 300 °C). This paper also includes the recent development and progress of room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. 1. Introduction
This suggests us that the sodium donates electrons to the external circuit and sodium ion migrates to the sulfur container. An electric current is driven by the electron via the molten sodium to the contact, through the electrical load and back to the sulfur container.
When sodium is coupled as an anode with an appropriate cathode material, it is capable of giving a cell voltage > 2 V. The combination of high voltage and low mass leads to the possibility of employing sodium as anode material in rechargeable battery for obtaining high specific energy , .