As can be seen from Fig. 1, energy storage has achieved a transformation from scientific research to large-scale application within 20 years. Energy storage has entered the golden period of rapid development. The development of energy storage in China is regional. North China has abundant wind power resources.
In particular, the 12th Five-Year Plan Period is regarded as a crucial period of energy use and needs systematic study. The targeted and distinguishing energy policy implications are critical to achieve the energy goals in 13th Five-Year Plan Period and launch the energy revolution in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period.
In January 2022, “the 14th Five-Year Plan for Modern Energy System” proposed accelerating the large-scale application of energy storage technologies. Optimize the layout of grid-side energy storage. Play the multiple roles of energy storage, such as absorbing new energy and enhancing grid stability.
The first stage (during China's 13th Five-Year Plan period) realizes the energy storage from the R&D demonstration stage to the initial stage of commercialization; the second stage (during China's 14th Five-Year Plan period) realizes the energy storage from the initial stage of commercialization to the stage of large-scale development.
Even though several reviews of energy storage technologies have been published, there are still some gaps that need to be filled, including: a) the development of energy storage in China; b) role of energy storage in different application scenarios of the power system; c) analysis and discussion on the business model of energy storage in China.
Furthermore, the 12th Five-Year Period is supposed to be a crucial beginning of the economic and energy transitions in China. Fig. 2. Contributions to China's energy consumption by sector, 2010–2015.