Working of the Lead Acid battery is all about chemistry and it is very interesting to know about it. There are huge chemical process is involved in Lead Acid battery’s charging and discharging condition. The diluted sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 molecules break into two parts when the acid dissolves.
Lead peroxide (PbO 2). Dilute sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). The positive plate is made of lead peroxide. This is dark brown, hard and brittle substance. The negative plate is made of pure lead in soft sponge condition. Dilute sulfuric acid used for lead acid battery has a ratio of water : acid = 3:1.
If we break the name Lead Acid battery we will get Lead, Acid, and Battery. Lead is a chemical element (symbol is Pb and the atomic number is 82). It is a soft and malleable element. We know what Acid is; it can donate a proton or accept an electron pair when it is reacting.
Normally battery manufacturer provides the proper method of charging the specific lead-acid batteries. Constant current charging is not typically used in Lead Acid Battery charging. Most common charging method used in lead acid battery is constant voltage charging method which is an effective process in terms of charging time.
Discharging of a lead acid battery is again involved with chemical reactions. The sulfuric acid is in the diluted form with typically 3:1 ratio with water and sulfuric acid. When the loads are connected across the plates, the sulfuric acid again breaks into positive ions 2H+ and negative ions SO 4.
At its core, a lead-acid battery embodies a sophisticated interplay of chemical reactions housed within a simple yet robust casing. Comprising lead dioxide, lead, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte solution, this amalgam forms the bedrock upon which energy storage is built.