Now that out of the way, it depends upon which type of system of which you want to measure the Short Circuit Current. If it’s a full-blown solar array then stop and don’t even attempt to measure short circuit current. And if it’s a Single Panel you can do it without worry.
A short circuit test measures the short circuit current of the module or string. Compare that current value to the expected short circuit current of the module spec sheet, given sunlight conditions Requires a DC current meter. Can help detect an intermittent connection or weak panel that can not sustain current unload.
Short Circuit Current (Isc) Short Circuit Current is how many amps (i.e. current) the solar panels produce when they are not connected to a load but when the panel wires ‘ positive and negative terminals are connected directly to each other. If you only measure the positive and negative terminals with an ammeter, you’ll read Isc.
When you connect both ends of your panel and create a short circuit connection what ends up happening is the voltage across your solar cells become zero. Short circuit current is actually the largest amount of current that can be drawn out of your panel. So it’s quite important to measure it for safety purposes.
Semiconductors are affected by temperature. And in high temperatures, the current carrying capacity of the module goes down and problems may occur. 59 Degrees to 95 Degree is a good range for Solar Panel. Why should you measure Solar Panel Short Circuit Current?
Basically, when we get 100 different solar panels from different manufacturers, we need to devise a uniform set of test conditions we can produce in the lab that will tell us all the specs we need: solar panel nominal power (Wp), rated power voltage (Vmp), rated current (Imp), open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), and so on.