Prior to impact, the energy storage laminate shows a concentration of strain covering the region where the battery is located, and consequently the local modulus value at the battery location was lower than the far-field strain ( Table 3 ).
Attar et al. found that the compressive failure stress of CFRP laminate without impact damage is reduced by embedded batteries in several ways. The battery reduces the failure stress because it creates a stress concentration which increases the local stress at its location.
In this study, only the laminated structural battery is considered. In the laminated structural battery concept, the battery cell consists of several laminae stacked on top of each other. Each lamina has a separate function and works as electrode, separator or collector, etc., within the battery cell.
The DIC measurements of the laminate specimens under increasing compressive stress revealed that the strain concentration effect due to the battery was magnified following impact ( Fig. 11 ).
Deformation and failure of Li-ion batteries can be accurately described by a detailed FE model. The DPC plasticity model well characterizes the granular coatings of the anode and the cathode. Fracture of Li-ion batteries is preceded by strain localization, as indicated by simulation.
The mechanical performance of the battery composite laminate is assessed by estimating the in-plane elastic properties of the laminate using Classical Laminate Theory. The electrical performance is assessed estimating the specific capacity and energy density of the component.