More and more researchers are exploring fast charging strategies for LIBs to reduce charging time, increase battery longevity, and improve overall performance, driven by the growing popularity of EVs. Nevertheless, fast charging poses challenges such as energy wastage, temperature rise, and reduced battery lifespan.
High charging rates can generate significant heat, potentially causing the battery temperature to rise rapidly, which in turn may affect its performance and lifespan . Batteries have higher charging efficiency at appropriate temperatures, while their charging efficiency decreases at temperatures that are too high or too low.
But, still a separate system for the charging section is needed. Here, a high power self-balanced battery charger is proposed by using the PSFB converter and the CDR with a voltage multiplier. By combining the charger and balancing systems into a single circuit, a super-integrated converter is obtained, as shown in Fig. 1.
Using high current rates (C-rates), CC charging speeds up but accelerates battery aging. Low charging current rates allow high-capacity use but reduce battery performance and decrease EV use. Overcharging permanently ruins the battery; hence this CC charging method demands a 100% fully charged detector.
Kumar et al. proposed an optimized charging curve current level strategy based on grey relational analysis, named as the Five-Stage Constant Current Charging Strategy (5SCC). This charging strategy can reduce the heat generated during battery charging, decrease battery surface temperature, and improve battery charging efficiency.
Charging and discharging affect battery performance, safety, and durability. Each charging technique for LIBs in EVs has benefits and drawbacks. These charging techniques vary in charging time, efficiency, battery temperature, lifetime, SOH, energy loss, and deterioration. Below are some current quick charging techniques.