This review presents a new insight by summarizing the advances in structure and property optimizations of battery electrode materials for high-efficiency energy storage. In-depth understanding, efficient optimization strategies, and advanced techniques on electrode materials are also highlighted.
The O3-type lithium transition metal oxides, LiMeO 2, have been intensively studied as positive electrode materials for lithium batteries, and O3-LiCoO 2, 10 Li [Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 ]O 2, 26, 27 and Li [Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3] O 2 28, 29 are often utilized for practical Li-ion batteries.
Nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in materials science and engineering in the past several decades. Considerable efforts on nanostructured electrode materials have been made in recent years to fulfill the future requirements of electrochemical energy storage. Compared to bulk materials, most of thes
Moreover, the recent achievements in nanostructured positive electrode materials for some of the latest emerging rechargeable batteries are also summarized, such as Zn-ion batteries, F- and Cl-ion batteries, Na–, K– and Al–S batteries, Na– and K–O 2 batteries, Li–CO 2 batteries, novel Zn–air batteries, and hybrid redox flow batteries.
Some important design principles for electrode materials are considered to be able to efficiently improve the battery performance. Host chemistry strongly depends on the composition and structure of the electrode materials, thus influencing the corresponding chemical reactions.
The phosphate positive-electrode materials are less susceptible to thermal runaway and demonstrate greater safety characteristics than the LiCoO 2 -based systems. 7. New applications of lithium insertion materials As described in Section 6, current lithium-ion batteries consisting of LiCoO 2 and graphite have excellence in their performance.