The final selection of lead-acid battery is performed using an optimization algorithm of differential evolution. Using the optimization process, the new battery selection method includes the technical sizing criteria of the lead-acid battery, reliability of operation with maintenance, operational safety, and cost analysis.
Per manufacturer specification, one fully charged lead-acid battery cell at 77°F will pass 0.24 amperes of floating current for every 100 ampere-hour cell capacity when subject to an equalizing potential of 2.33 volts. Each cell has a nominal 1,360-amphere hour’s capacity at the 8-hour rate.
Battery room ventilation flow rate is calculated using the following formula: Q = v * q * s * n * I gas * Cn / 100 Igas values for stationary lead-acid batteries are (according to EN 50272-2: Stationary Batteries): Vented lead-acid cell on float charge: 0.005 A/Ah Vented lead-acid cell on boost charge: 0.02 A/Ah
Battery capacity in ampere hours (Ah) is than calculated by multiplying the current drawn by the load by the length of time it will operate. usable capacity of 460 Ah @ the 100 hr rate would be able to sustain a 4.6 amperes load (460/100) for 100 hours for full discharge.
It is common knowledge that lead-acid batteries release hydrogen gas that can be potentially explosive. The battery rooms must be adequately ventilated to prohibit the build-up of hydrogen gas. During normal operations, off gassing of the batteries is relatively small.
The lead-acid battery performance is comparatively stable but reduces with the passage of time. Temperature correction factor: The battery cells capacity is generally provided for a standardized temperature which is 25oC and if it varies somewhere with the installation temperature, a correction factor is needed to implement.