In particular, because of their proximity to human habitation, emissions from docked ships are a serious health hazard. Shore power, as a promising approach to reducing ship emissions in port areas, has drawn attention from governments, industries, and academia.
The shore power facility will generally form part of a wider port energy network: fuel bunkering for vessels and electric power for port assets, as well as battery storage for optimizing use of on-site renewable generation (eg PV solar) and back-up power generators.
A range of potential interventions were set out (above) to identify the impacts of implementing these measures for ports and vessel operators. Government invited views on the interventions. Overall, 38% of respondents agreed to a shore power mandate on both vessels and ports. One respondent agreed a mandate should be applied to ports only.
The UK advocating for international standards on shore power before national legislation. The main arguments offered to support a mandate on both vessels and ports were that it would: 18% of respondents disagreed with a shore power mandate on ports and vessels, with 2 respondents strongly disagreeing.
A shore power (SP) system consists of three parts: a shore-side power supply system, a shore-ship connecting system, and a ship-borne power receiving system ( Chen et al., 2019 ). The shore-side power system is located at a terminal. It receives electricity
The biggest infrastructure costs set out were the: Retrofitting costs for vessels to enable use of a shore power installation were estimated to range between £400,000 to £800,000 for large vessels and £60,000 to £400,000 for small vessels. Most respondents highlighted that the projection of electricity demands varied according to vessel type.