There are various types of voltage regulators, each with its own mechanism of operation, but they generally follow similar principles. In a linear voltage regulator, for example, the regulator continuously adjusts the resistance of a pass transistor based on feedback from the output voltage.
Usually, linear voltage regulators are classified into five categories. They are: Example of Positive Adjustable Linear Voltage Regulators is the famous LM317 Regulator IC. The output voltage of LM317 can be adjusted between 1.2V and 37V.
Voltage regulation is a process of maintaining a steady output voltage under given variations in input voltage or load current. This process maintains the proper functioning and long life of all components in electronics.
A type of series voltage regulator is a Zener Diode Voltage Regulator, which can maintain a constant voltage across the load. This type of voltage regulator can reduce the ripple in the power supply and improve the regulation. But due to the non-zero Zener Resistance, the efficiency is low. This can be improved by limiting the Zener current.
Evaluate the regulator's efficiency in your specific use case. Choose the right type of regulator for your application, considering input and output voltage requirements and efficiency needs. Testing voltage regulators involves evaluating key parameters such as dropout voltage, ripple, transient response, and efficiency.
In a linear voltage regulator, the variable conductivity of the active pass element (usually a BJT or a MOSFET) is responsible for regulating the output voltage. When a load is connected, the changes in either input or load will result in a variation in current through the transistor so that the output is maintained constant.