Thermal issues associated with the battery can significantly affect its performance and life cycle. Therefore, a proper battery thermal management system (BTMS) is necessary to create an efficient and robust system that is adversely affected by internal and ambient temperature variations.
The proper choice of thermal management system is essential for LIBs, considering factors such as battery size, lifespan, and charge and discharge rates. Advances in new materials, such as nanometer PCMs, and advanced cooling and heating techniques are improving the efficiency and safety of these systems.
Each battery thermal management system (BTMS) type has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of both performance and cost. For instance, air cooling systems have good economic feasibility but may encounter challenges in efficiently dissipating heat during periods of elevated thermal stress.
Effectively managing temperature extremes is crucial for ensuring the overall safety and reliability of EV batteries. Addressing safety considerations in BTM involves incorporating thermal management into testing protocols, introducing standards tailored for alpine regions, and emphasizing the importance of the entire battery life cycle .
In comparison to other PCMs types, organic materials, notably PA wax is the most commonly adopted to manage the battery thermal energy since it has high chemical stability, high latent heat, low cost, and corrosion resistance. Their drawbacks include the fact that they are not thermally conductive, prone to leaks, and are flammable.
Hence, the role of the BTMS is crucial in maintaining battery temperatures at optimal levels throughout the pack to prolong battery life and to mitigate fires and explosive hazards across the li-ion battery pack. 3. EV battery thermal management systems (BTMS)