Sulfur (S) is considered an appealing positive electrode active material for non-aqueous lithium sulfur batteries because it enables a theoretical specific cell energy of 2600 Wh kg −1 1, 2, 3.
Positive electrodes for Li-ion and lithium batteries (also termed “cathodes”) have been under intense scrutiny since the advent of the Li-ion cell in 1991. This is especially true in the past decade.
This mini-review discusses the recent trends in electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Elemental doping and coatings have modified many of the commonly used electrode materials, which are used either as anode or cathode materials. This has led to the high diffusivity of Li ions, ionic mobility and conductivity apart from specific capacity.
J. Alloys Comput. 723, 787–794 (2017) Suzuki, K., Kato, D., Hara, K., et al.: Composite sulfur electrode prepared by high-temperature mechanical milling for use in an all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery with a Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 electrolyte.
Lithium metal was used as a negative electrode in LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiBr, LiI, or LiAlCl 4 dissolved in organic solvents. Positive-electrode materials were found by trial-and-error investigations of organic and inorganic materials in the 1960s.
Chem. Lett. 44, 1664–1666 (2015) Hakari, T., Hayashi, A., Tatsumisago, M.: Li 2 S-based solid solutions as positive electrodes with full utilization and superlong cycle life in all-solid-state Li/S batteries. Adv. Sustain.