Energy storage systems For distribution networks, an ESS converts electrical energy from a power network, via an external interface, into a form that can be stored and converted back to electrical energy when needed , , .
The “Energy Storage Medium” corresponds to any energy storage technology, including the energy conversion subsystem. For instance, a Battery Energy Storage Medium, as illustrated in Fig. 1, consists of batteries and a battery management system (BMS) which monitors and controls the charging and discharging processes of battery cells or modules.
The number of required ESSs in an LV distribution network may be lower than in an MV network, and the distributed structure of ESS placement with more than one ESS is highly recommended to allow better system performance and flexibility in mitigating problems.
An advanced voltage regulation method is proposed in for distribution networks. This comprises dispersed ESSs and generation systems and considers an imbalance in the load diversity among feeders. However, improved voltage stability and more precise voltage regulation are still demanding issues.
The EV charging impacts to distribution networks should also be incorporated during system modelling and objective function formulation. Moreover, various ESS control approaches (e.g., MAS) can be employed to facilitate optimal ESS operation in distribution networks.
For instance, a Battery Energy Storage Medium, as illustrated in Fig. 1, consists of batteries and a battery management system (BMS) which monitors and controls the charging and discharging processes of battery cells or modules. Thus, the ESS can be safeguarded and safe operation ensured over its lifetime.