In the realm of Battery Management Systems (BMS), two primary cell balancing techniques are employed, and we will explore them in detail. In active cell balancing in BMS, energy moves from cells with higher voltage to those with lower voltage within the battery.
Individual cell voltage stress has been reduced. This study presented a simple battery balancing scheme in which each cell requires only one switch and one inductor winding. Increase the overall reliability and safety of the individual cells. 6.1.
Consequently, the authors review the passive and active cell balancing method based on voltage and SoC as a balancing criterion to determine which technique can be used to reduce the inconsistencies among cells in the battery pack to enhance the usable capacity thus driving range of the EVs.
Whereas in the active cell voltage balancing method, the excess energy will be stored in the energy storage element through active components and it will be transferred to low voltage cells in the battery pack to equalize the cell voltages.
The BMS compares the voltage differences between cells to a predefined threshold voltage, if the voltage difference exceeds the predetermined threshold, it initiates cell balancing, cells with lower voltage within the battery pack are charged using energy from cells with higher voltage (Diao et al., 2018).
Battery cell balancing fundamentals Battery cell balancing is an important process in BMS, playing a pivotal role in various applications such as EVs, renewable energy storage, and portable electronics. Its primary objective is to ensure that all individual cells within a battery pack maintain the equal SoC or voltage.