Lithium-ion batteries (sometimes abbreviated Li-ion batteries) are a type of compact, rechargeable power storage device with high energy density and high discharge voltage. They are established market leaders in clean energy storage technologies because of their relatively high energy-to-weight ratios, lack of memory effect and long life .
Lithium-ion batteries are another popular energy storage and conversion device and meet energy storage requirements because of their fast charge capability, robust cycle life, and high energy density, and have been frequently used in mobile phones, portable electronic devices, pure electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage [183–185].
... With the rapid development of technology, lithium-ion batteries, as important carriers of modern energy storage, are widely used in various fields such as electric vehicles, smartphones, laptops, and more .
In a Li-ion battery, during discharge, the li ions transport from the negative (−ve) electrode to the positive (+ve) electrode through an electrolyte and during charge period, Lithium-ion battery employs li compound as the material at +ve side and graphite at the −ve side. Li-ion batteries have high energy density and low self-discharge.
The most important elements are described as negative / positive electrode materials, electrolytes, seals and separators. The battery disconnect unit and the battery management system are important parts of modern lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is one of the most attractive rechargeable batteries, which is widely used for powering electronic devices in the daily lives. Similar to the 2D nanomaterials (e.g. graphene, MoS 2, MnO), 3D architectures have been used as active electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries.