Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have gained significant attention in recent years for their increased energy density without altering their power density. LICs achieve higher capacitance than traditional supercapacitors due to their hybrid battery electrode and subsequent higher voltage.
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) consist of a capacitor-type cathode and a lithium-ion battery-type anode, incorporating the merits of both components. Well-known for their high energy density, superior power density, prolonged cycle life, and commendable safety attributes, LICs have attracted enormous interest in recent years.
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) display similar self-discharge behavior to lithium-ion batteries (LIB) at temperatures below 40 °C. However, LICs exhibit excellent discharge capacities at temperatures above 40 °C. Analysis of arc and differential scanning calorimetry (ARC and DSC) reveals the thermal behavior of LICs, which is characteristic of both lithium-ion batteries and electric double-layer capacitors. We report on the electrochemical performance of 500 F, 1100 F, and 2200 F lithium-ion capacitors containing carbonate-based electrolytes.
Tests on three-electrode lithium-ion capacitors revealed that their reduced capacity at low temperatures is due to the polarization of the lithiated, negative electrode. The lower capacity compared to other capacitors is a result of this phenomenon. The self-discharge of cells at various temperatures was studied and compared to an electric double-layer capacitor and a lithium-ion battery cell.
Design of Lithium-Ion Capacitors In terms of LIC design, the process of pre-lithiation, the working voltage and the mass ratio of the cathode to the anode allow a difference in energy capacity, power efficiency and cyclic stability. An ideal working capacity can usually be accomplished by intercalating Li + into the interlayer of graphite.
However, because of the low rate of Faradaic process to transfer lithium ions (Li+), the LIB has the defects of poor power performance and cycle performance, which can be improved by adding capacitor material to the cathode, and the resulting hybrid device is also known as a lithium-ion battery capacitor (LIBC).