IV. TRANSIENT PROTECTION Most designers will recognize the need to add transient protection across the pack output terminals if the battery is used to drive a motor or highly inductive load. However, many designs with non-inductive loads do not have any transient-limiting devices and depend only on some small capacitors to attenuate the transients.
Herein, the causes of TR are described and novel preventative methods are examined, approaching the problem from different angles by altering the internal structure of the battery to undergo thermal shutdown or developing the battery and thermal management systems so that they can detect and prevent TR.
Numerical investigation of thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries with different battery materials and heating conditions Inhibition effect of different interstitial materials on thermal runaway propagation in the cylindrical lithium-ion battery module
Li-ion cells have a relatively high inductance for their size due to construction techniques. If a battery pack is removed from the system while under load, there is an opportunity for a damaging transient to occur. The battery pack should have sufficient capacitance to reduce transients or have something to clamp them.
If a battery pack is removed from the system while under load, there is an opportunity for a damaging transient to occur. The battery pack should have sufficient capacitance to reduce transients or have something to clamp them. An even greater danger exists if there is a momentary short across the battery pack.
In this paper, a complete thermal model of a Li-ion battery pack has been developed and successfully calibrated (through experimental tests) taking into account both thermodynamic-related and transport-related heat sources.