Fine tantalum respectively niobium powders of high purity are required for the production of such capacitors. Conventional production methods for these powders are the Hunter process (Ta) and the HDH process (Nb).
Tantalum and nowadays niobium electrolytic capacitors are used in various mobile electronic products such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants, laptop computers, controllers in airplanes and vehicles. Fine tantalum respectively niobium powders of high purity are required for the production of such capacitors.
According to the working principle of pseudo-capacitors, electrode materials and electrolytes should synergistically combine. The electrolyte ions should transport fast in and out of the bulk of the electrode and at the interface between electrode and electrolyte in order to achieve excellent electrochemical properties.
Pseudocapacitive transition metal oxides serve as supercapacitor electrodes. Still, poor capacitance and low energy density impose restrictions on their practical applications. According to the working principle of pseudo-capacitors, electrode materials and electrolytes should synergistically combine.
1. Introduction Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are key passive components 1 mounted on the substrates of various electronic devices and control the electric flow, electromagnetic interference, and current noise.
Porous electrodes are fast emerging as essential components for next-generation supercapacitors. Using porous structures of Co 3 O 4, Mn 3 O 4, α-Fe 2 O 3, and carbon, their advantages over the solid counterpart is unequivocally established.