The developments and challenges of laser technologies in micro-supercapacitor fabrication are summarized, aiming to provide new valuable guidelines for rational coordinating the structural and functionality of microdevices. 1. Introduction
Similarly, Kang et al. printed the traditional laser printer toner on metal foils as precursors of graphitic carbon electrodes, then the printable toner precursors were thermal annealed in a hydrogen environment to produce a thin graphitic carbon or graphene electrodes .
This indicated that the laser cutting technique could be reliably used to build the macro-3D coplanar energy storage devices. It is known that freeze-drying of the formed aerogel is another mature approach to obtain the 3D electrode structures.
3.3.2. Laser carbonization The carbon-based materials derived from leaves , hemps or photoresists by carbonization have been widely studied in electrochemical energy storage fields, which display a great potential in low-cost, environment-friendly and easy-prepared electrode materials.
The unique laser system in laser printer emitted a beam of light on a charged selenium-plated roller to draw patterns. After that, the toner adsorbed by electrostatic interaction was transferred onto the substrates by applying heat and pressure.
Photolithography is one of the most commonly strategies to prepare the microelectrodes or monolithic MSCs in combination with the laser etching technique .